201C 2015-2016 Present Perfect Simple

Present Perfect Simple



Formula of Present Perfect

We use this tense for unfinished and finished actions:

Unfinished Actions

We use this tense when we want to talk about unfinished actions that started in the past and continue to the present. Usually we use it to say 'how long' an action or state has continued with 'since' and 'for'. Often, we use stative verbs in this situation: I've known Karen since 1994. She's lived in London for three years.

'Since' and 'For'

We use 'since' with a fixed time in the past (2004, April 23rd, last year, two hours ago). The fixed time can be another action, indicated with the past simple (since I was at school, since I arrived): I've known Sam since 1992. I've liked chocolate since I was a child. She's been here since 2pm. We use 'for' with a period of time (2 hours, three years, six months): I've known Julie for ten years. I've been hungry for hours. She's had a cold for a week.

Finished Actions

1: Life experience (we don't say when the experience happened, just sometime in the past) I have been to Tokyo. She has lived in Germany. They have visited Paris three times. We have never seen that film. Have you ever read 'War and Peace'?

2: A finished action with a result in the present (focus on result) I've lost my keys (so I can't get into my house). She's hurt her leg (so she can't play tennis today). They've missed the bus (so they will be late). I've cooked dinner (so you should come and eat).

3: With an unfinished time word (this month, this week, today, in the last year) I haven't seen her this month. She's drunk three cups of coffee today. This week they've been shopping four times.

Note: We can't use the present perfect with a finished time word:

• I've seen him yesterday.

'Been' and 'Gone'

In this tense, we use both 'been' and 'gone' as the past participle of 'go', but in slightly different circumstances.

Been

We use 'been' (often when we talk about 'life experience') to mean that the person being talked about has visited the place, and come back. Notice the preposition 'to': I've been to Paris (in my life, but now I'm in London, where I live). She has been to school today (but now she's back at home). They have never been to California.

Gone

We use 'gone' (often when we are talking about an action with a result in the present) to mean that the person is at the place now: 'Where's John?' 'He's gone to the shops' (he's at the shops now). Julie has gone to Mexico (now she's in Mexico). They've gone to Japan for three weeks (now they're in Japan).

Use of Present Perfect

201C 2015-2016 Past Simple: Spelling Verb_ED regular and irregular verb s

Regular Verb of past tense formation



Pronunciation of regular verb in Past tense



Phase 2 of Pronunciation



Irregular verb of past tense

201C ELSU 2015-2016 World English Unit1 Vocabulary

Royal University of Phnom Penh           Class: 201C; Room: A507

English Supporting Unit Private                                                              Teacher : Khan Lyna

World English 2 Unit 1

Glossary
Unit 1
beans	a legume plant whose seeds sometimes are different colors, such as black or red, and can be cooked and eaten
climate	normal weather patterns
coast	describes an area near the ocean
corn	a grain that is grown on tall green plants and usually has large yellow seeds that are fed to animals or cooked and eaten by people
crop	a kind of plant grown for food
delicious	something that is good-tasting
disgusting	something that causes great dislike
farmer	person who produces food
flat	describes an area without mountains
fragrant	something that has a pleasant or perfumed smell
geography	the study of the surface of the earth
grains	corn wheat rice oats
humid	describes air that is moist
land	areas of earth?s upper crust composed mainly of soil and sometimes bodies of fresh water, such as rivers or lakes
legumes	soybeans lentils
lentils	a legume plants whose small round seeds can be cooked and eaten
meal	breakfast, lunch, and dinner
mountain	a tall formation of land and rock higher than a hill
oats	a type of grain usually eaten by animals and people
potatoes	a round starchy root vegetable that can be cooked and eaten
region	a large area
rice	a grain used for food that is usually small and white and grows in watery areas
roots	potatoes yucca
smelly	something that has a strong or unpleasant smell
soybeans	a legume plant native to Asia, used to make foods such as tofu and soy sauce
staple food	very important food
wheat	a grain usually ground into flour and used to make things such as pasta or bread
yams	a plant with an orange root that can be cooked and eaten, sometimes called sweet potato
yucca	a plant, usually grown in warm climates, whose root can be cooked and eaten

Participatory Land-Use Planning DES 2015-2016

As Land Use Planning becomes a crucial contribution to air pollution from agriculture industry urban pollution and deforestation, many institution start to put high concern on climate change regarding land use change and natural resources on land. Here are some steps and name of organization working on Participatory Land-Use Planning

1. JICA : Participatory Land Use Planning (PLUP) activities have started.
 
2. IIED: Participatory Land Use Planning as a Tool for ... - IIED

3. FAO:

Sustaining communities, wildlife and livestock: A guide to participatory land use planning 4. GIZ: Land Use Planning - GIZ 5. Local NGOs Angkeara:  10_Angkeara_Participatory Commune Land Use Planning.pdf - F 6. UNDP RECOFTC:  Sustainable Forest Management-ProDoc - Cambodia - UNDP 7. ISERD: Social Land Policy for Sustainable Rural Development in ... 8.Mekonginfo:  Participatory Land Use Planning in Cambodia - MekongInfo 9: winrock iapad: [PDF] (PLUP) In Rural Cambodia. Manual for Government Staff ... 10.FFI: PDF] Bridging the gap between conservation and community ... 11. PDF] Economic land concessions in Cambodia A human rights ... 12. [PDF] Indigenous Community by Law Development - International .. 13. Law on Nature Protection Area (Protected Areas Law) - The ... 14. Land-use Planning - Wildlife Conservation Society 15.  CDC - Ministry of Land Management, Im Chhun Lim

Introduction to Environment Khmer

Chinese Department IEK

PES

Payment of Environmental Services (PES) Getting Start: This book provides basic insight concept of how PES logical and institutional framework are designed